…and critically contributes to non-AIDS-related morbidity and mortality in ART-treated individuals. Interleukin (IL)-21 regulates three immunological functions – Th17 cell homeostasis, differentiation of memory B cells, and longterm maintenance of…
…DNA intermediates by interferon gamma Inducible protein 16 (IFI16). Death occurs following caspase-1 activation in inflammasomes and the induction of pyroptosis, a highly inflammatory form of programmed cell death. These…
…mesenteric lymph node area in SARS-CoV-2 infected animals than control RM. Furthermore, soluble CD14 in plasma increased significantly from baseline to day 10 of SARS-CoV-2 infection (p=0.0006) and decreased significantly…
…Methods In this study, flow cytometry, cytokine array, and single-cell RNA-Seq/ATAC-Seq were conducted on SIV-infected, virologically suppressed rhesus macaques (RMs) treated with anti-IL-10 and anti-PD-1 antibodies (combo-treatment) before analytical treatment…
Induction of potent broadly-neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) is a key for anti-HIV vaccine development. The boosting method for B-cell maturation toward bNAb induction has not been established, although recent studies have…
…in the metabolic activity of bacteria within the GI tract. The biggest change being observed after the administration of anti-retroviral medication with increased metabolic activity of Proteobacteria. Probiotic treatment seemed…
…and DNA (vRNA and vDNA) were sampled from four different compartments (lymph node, vagina, gut and PBMC) in addition to plasma vRNA between 13 and 30 weeks post-infection. Compartmentalization was…
…believed that such cells, when activated, are the source of viral rebound when ART is interrupted. However, it has been reported that HIV-expressing cells in lymph nodes may be protected…
…ART alone is incapable of purging the pool of long-lived, tissue-resident, quiescent CD4+ T-cells harboring latent, replication-competent viral genomes. These ‘viral reservoirs’, maintained despite ART, comprise cells enriched for the…
…a cure for HIV infection will not be achieved through ART intensification alone, and that novel approaches aimed at limiting residual inflammation and targeting persistently infected cells are needed. This…