Search Abstracts

Background We previously demonstrated that individuals with tuberculosis (TB) and uncontrolled diabetes mellitus (DM) had a lower risk of TB-treatment related adverse drug reactions. Hypothesizing that this could be related to low TB drug levels, we correlated isoniazid (INH) plasma concentrations with glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels Methods We included culture-confirmed, drug-susceptible, pulmonary TB participants from the RePORT-Brazil cohort, who received standard TB…

Background The high prevalence of alcohol use disorder (AUD) in sub-Saharan Africa is strongly associated with HIV acquisition and a greater risk of tuberculosis (TB) disease. An integrated HIV and TB case finding strategy targeting persons with AUD at social drinking venues (SDVs) could be an efficient and scalable approach for bolstering the detection of both…

Background Coinfections of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) represent a significant global health challenge. Patients infected with MTB are at elevated risk of progressing to active tuberculosis (TB), a risk that can be mitigated by preventive therapy. However, current testing methods frequently fail to identify individuals who will later develop active TB,…

Background In Vietnam, national guidelines require a Tuberculosis (TB) infection test before TB preventive therapy can be administered. However, Interferon Gamma Release Assays (IGRAs) require advanced laboratories for processing, resulting in limited access. The Standard F TB-Feron fluorescent immunoassay (TB-Feron) is a simplified IGRA which requires less manual handling and no specialized laboratory staff. Methods This cross-sectional…

Background WHO guidelines for HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis were updated in June 2022 recommending single, high-dose liposomal amphotericin with 14 days of flucytosine and fluconazole. The AMBITION team who defined that regimen lead the Single High-dose AmBisome to Reduce Mortality from CM (SHARE-CM) project aiming to maximise the impact of the regimen in routine care. The…

Background HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis is the second leading cause of AIDS-related mortality. Cryptococcal meningitis is a poverty-related disease and the majority of cases occur in settings where resources are limited and access to quality care is often linked to an individual’s ability to pay for services. We have previously demonstrated the efficacy, safety, and cost-effectiveness…

Background Systematic screening for tuberculosis (TB) may be particularly important for pregnant women with HIV (PWWH), as pregnancy increases TB risk independent of HIV. However, little is known about PWWH undergoing TB screening. We describe characteristics and pregnancy outcomes of PWWH enrolled in an ongoing trial evaluating the impact of two WHO-approved TB screening strategies…

Background Prior analyses highlighted the association between starting INSTI-based antiretroviral therapy (ART) and weight gain among treatment-naïve people with HIV (PWH) in the North American AIDS Cohort Collaboration on Research & Design (NA-ACCORD). However, it is unclear whether observed relative weight gain after INSTI initiation reflected weight-suppressive effects of older NNRTIs or confounding due to…

Background Initiation of integrase strand transfer inhibitor (INSTI)-based antiretroviral therapy (ART) is associated with weight gain and diabetes mellitus (DM) among ART-naïve people with HIV (PWH). However, most are ART-experienced and may switch to an INSTI-based ART from a different antiretroviral regimen. We aimed to estimate the risk of incident DM associated with switching from…

Background Little is known about glucose regulation by insulin in early pregnancy in women with HIV (WWH) receiving tenofovir/lamivudine/dolutegravir (TLD). We assessed differences in insulin dynamics in early pregnancy in WWH receiving TLD.  Methods The ORCHID study enrolled WWH initiating/receiving TLD and HIV-seronegative (HIV-) women >16 years old and <18 weeks gestational age (GA) in…