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1277 Results
Background HIV-1 invades the central nervous system (CNS) during acute infection and thereafter persists in the CNS. This leads to chronic intrathecal immune activation which can be measured by various biomarkers in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). β2-microglobulin (β2M) is a marker of cellular immune activation that has previously been studied in CSF in people with HIV…
Background Current classification methods of neurobehavioral (NB) disorders in people with HIV (PWH) do not reflect their underlying biology well. We compared cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) proteomics between current classification methods and novel, multidimensional NB phenotypes (NBPs) to determine their biological associations. Methods We assayed CSF from 286 virally suppressed participants with the Olink Target-96 Inflammation…
Background There is accumulating evidence that SARS-CoV-2 infection may have lasting effects on cognition in a subset of individuals. However, there is scarce data on the impact of COVID-19 on cognitive performance in people with HIV (PWH), who may experience cognitive impairment despite viral suppression by antiretroviral therapy (ART). We examined the trajectory of cognitive parameters 1…
Background Neopterin, a biomarker of immune activation, has been widely studied in cerebrospinal fluid as a correlate of neuroinflammation and neurocognitive impairment (NCI) in people with HIV (PWH). Recent evidence suggests that plasma neopterin could be useful in identifying PWH at risk of developing NCI. This study explores neopterin as a potential plasma biomarker for NCI using…
Background Recent studies have reported that older adults with HIV infection are at elevated risk of age-associated dementia despite antiretroviral therapy (ART). We investigated the hypothesis that delayed HIV diagnosis or initiation of ART could contribute to greater risk of developing dementia later in life. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study of people with…
Background Epigenetic studies have shown an accelerated epigenetic age phenotype in people with HIV (PWH). Accelerated epigenetic age has been linked to various disease outcomes including cognitive dysfunction. However, whether epigenetic age estimates predict cognitive measures in PWH remains understudied. Methods PWH age 50 and older were recruited at an urban academic medical. Participants provided…
Background Persistent inflammation and immune activation are hallmark features of HIV disease, and associated with long-term brain health disorders, such as neurocognitive impairment even in treated people with HIV (PWH). As PWH age, the interactions between aging, inflammation, and brain health are important to understand. The Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index (SII) has prognostic value as an indicator…
Background Elevated levels of inflammation and neurodegeneration in the brain and periphery are associated with worse brain health outcomes in persons without HIV (PWoH). People with HIV (PWH) may have greater peripheral inflammation and neurodegeneration that may cause elevated brain inflammation and white matter changes. Brain inflammation can be measured using diffusion-based spectral imaging (DBSI)…
Background DNA methylation (DNAm) clocks are quantitative markers of biological aging. The first-generation Horvath and Hannum clocks closely track actual age, second-generation clocks such as PhenoAge and GrimAge are sensitive to morbidity and mortality, and the third-generation DunedinPACE model estimates individual longitudinal “pace of aging.” Multiple studies have linked HIV infection with increased DNAm age;…
Background Neurocognitive impairment (NCI) is a prevalent and important co-morbidity in virologically suppressed people living with HIV (PWH), yet the underlying mechanisms remain elusive and effective treatments lacking. Given the limitations in models adequately replicating neuronal biology and injury in PWH, we explored the use of participant-derived directly induced neurons (iNs) for this purpose. iNs have…