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1277 Results
Background Cannabis (CB) use is increasing nationwide due to legal changes and commercialization. People with HIV (PWH) are more likely to use CB versus people without HIV (PWoH). Data on the effects of CB use on brain structure and cognition in PWH are mixed, with few studies including measures of structural brain integrity. Methods In…
Background Decline in verbal fluency, observed both in aging and HIV infection, is associated with reduced quality of life. The association of cardiometabolic diseases with verbal fluency is well described in Western Countries, not in Sub-Saharan Africa, especially in older people living with HIV (PLWH). This study aims to identify the factors associated with verbal…
Background Cognitive intra-individual variability (IIV) refers to the variation observed in cognitive performance when various cognitive tests are administered within the same person (i.e., dispersion). In people with HIV, greater cognitive IIV has been associated with poorer cognitive performance and decline over time, cortical brain atrophy, and increased mortality risk. In this study, we calculated…
Background HIV enters the central nervous system early after infection which can result in HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND), affecting as many as 50% of people living with HIV (PWH). HIV-induced neuroinflammation plays a critical role in HAND. Here, we investigated the impact of HIV infection on brain inflammation and metabolism using an advanced 3D human brain…
Background Dual-drug therapy with dolutegravir/lamivudine (DTG/3TC) is effective in achieving viral suppression in the blood, but its impact on HIV infection in the central nervous system (CNS) remains insufficiently explored. In this study, we aimed to investigate its effect in the CNS through assessment of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in individuals switching to DTG/3TC from a…
Background People living with HIV (PLWH) are disproportionately burdened by neurocognitive impairment (NCI) and physical frailty. Cognitive frailty, the combination of both, results in poorer outcomes than physical frailty or NCI alone. While epigenetic modifications are linked to each of these conditions separately, cognitive frailty remains understudied, and HIV and cocaine use may worsen outcomes.…
Background Suppressed HIV patients’ PBMC have residual cell associated HIV-1 RNA transcripts (HRT). Elevated HRT, despite ART, associate with viral blips and with brain injury. Most cure studies aim to reduce HIV DNA reservoir but may require initial viral reactivation, risking brain injury from viral blips due to reservoir activity. Under ART, blips are believed…
Background Central nervous system (CNS) dysfunction is a recognized complication in some people with HIV (PWH). As part of SCORCH (a large-scale, consortium-wide effort examining transcriptional and epigenetic alterations in the brains of PWH), we aim to identify key cell populations and pathways affected by HIV that may be targeted in therapies for HIV-associated CNS…
Background Evidence indicates that brain-resident myeloid cells, including perivascular macrophages and microglia, provide a reservoir for HIV infection in the central nervous system (CNS). Data also suggest that the inflammatory activity of these cells is associated with HIV-associated cognitive impairment. We investigated whether cannabinoid receptor (CB) 2 (CB2), an immunomodulatory receptor expressed in myeloid cells,…
Background Despite early antiretroviral therapy (ART), individuals with perinatally acquired HIV often show neuroinflammation and a heightened risk of depression as they approach early adulthood. Longitudinal monitoring of inflammatory markers may provide insights into these outcomes, aiding in the prediction of neuroinflammatory processes and mental health risks. We examined these associations longitudinally in cohorts from…