Search Abstracts

Background Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH), commonly known as hemophagocytic syndrome, is a rare and serious disease triggered by a myriad of stimuli. HLH is characterized by an uncontrolled cytokine production and persistent lymphocyte and macrophage activation which results in hemophagocytosis. Since people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH) have an increased risk of coinfections, HLH has…

Background HCV elimination targets for 2030 require that 90% of people with HCV (PWHCV) are diagnosed, and 80% of those diagnosed are treated, alongside measures to reduce primary infection and reinfection in groups like people who inject drugs (PWID) who bear a disproportionate burden. We characterize changes in HCV burden, awareness of HCV status, treatment…

Background Functional hepatitis B virus (HBV) cure is defined by clearance of HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) from blood and occurs more often in people with HIV and HBV (PWHHB) taking tenofovir-based antiretroviral therapy (ART) than people with HBV mono-infection on tenofovir. This suggests that HBsAg “clearance” is not binary but occurs across a continuum of immunological…

Background Given the increased prevalence of steatotic liver disease (SLD) in people with HIV, understanding its natural course and progression to liver fibrosis is crucial for guiding clinical management.  Methods We assessed SLD and liver fibrosis in RESPOND participants from January 2012 to December 2022 using serological scores validated for people with HIV, excluding those with…

Background HBV reactivation in people living with HIV and evidence of past HBV infection is an important consideration when evaluating the risk/benefit of discontinuing HBV-active ART in favor of other treatment regimens. We aimed to summarize available evidence on reactivation risk after switching to HBV-inactive regimens, and to identify predictors that may guide clinical practice.…

Background Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection increases the risk of severe liver diseases such as cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, non-liver complications, and mortality. HIV co-infection contributes to the acceleration of liver disease progression, leading to greater mortality risk compared to HBV mono-infection. We evaluated the crude all-cause mortality rates among people with chronic HBV on…

Background We investigated the risk of liver stiffness progression and advanced liver fibrosis (LF) by diabetes mellitus (DM) status among people with HIV (PWH) and metabolic-dysfunction associated stetotic liver disease (MASLD). Methods PWH who had MASLD at their first vibration-controlled transient elastography or VCTE with both liver stiffness measurement (LSM) and controlled attenuation parameter (CAP)…

Background People with HIV (PWH) are at increased risk of coinfection with worse outcomes from hepatitis C virus (HCV) and are a key group targeted for treatment with direct-acting antivirals (DAA). Not all PWH eligible for DAA receive it. We estimated DAA uptake among PWH with HCV coinfection in the NA-ACCORD to identify factors associated…

Background Achieving sustained virological response (SVR) reduces the risk of liver decompensation and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and advanced liver disease. Life-long HCC surveillance is recommended after HCV cure, but its cost-effectiveness is uncertain, especially in the context of HIV co-infection, where data remain scarce. Methods Multicenter…

Background To achieve hepatitis C elimination in the United States (US), understanding comorbidities among people living with chronic hepatitis C is crucial to inform prevention and treatment approaches. We aimed to quantify and characterize the prevalence of HIV, sexually transmitted infections (STIs), mental health disorders, substance use disorders, and drug overdose among Medicaid enrollees diagnosed…