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1277 Results
Background HIV continues to be a major global public health issue with ~39.9 million people living with it at the end of 2023 (WHO). An effective vaccine is therefore needed, that can elicit diverse immune responses including broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs). One such class of bnAbs that recognize the CD4-binding site on the HIV-1 Env…
Background HIV-1 has been a global health problem for decades, and finding a cure remains a challenge. Recent studies have explored antibodies targeting various parts of HIV as alternative therapies. These antibodies bind the virus and enter the cell, where the complex is sensed and targeted for proteasomal degradation by the E3 ubiquitin ligase and…
Background Cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk is 1.5- to 2-fold higher in people living with HIV (PLWH). The heightened risk persists despite suppression of plasma viremia and control of traditional risk factors, partly due to chronic inflammation. Subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) regulates metabolic health, but inflammation and insulin resistance can shift its secretome to a pro-inflammatory,…
Background In the RV550 clinical trial, we hypothesized that IL-15 superagonist N-803 administration with ART during acute HIV infection (AHI) would limit HIV reservoir establishment and persistence. Here, we characterized the effects of N-803 on T cells and NK cells in peripheral blood (PBMC) and lymph nodes (LN). Methods Participants with AHI (Fiebig I-IV) were…
Background Natural Killer (NK) cells are underappreciated regulators of the antibody response to infection. In mice, NK cells can kill T follicular helper cells which decreases somatic hypermutation and vaccine response. In the context of HIV, dysfunctional NK cells are associated with broadly neutralizing antibodies. Understanding the temporal immune factors that influence breadth is an…
Background Chronologic aging has been reported to impair antibody responses to influenza (flu) vaccination with greater impairment in PWH occurring at a younger age than in people without HIV (PWoH). High-dose (HD) vaccine, with four times more antigen than standard-dose (SD), is recommended for people ages ≥65 years to improve effectiveness but has not been…
Background Nonsuppressible viremia (NSV) represent a subset of individuals with persistent low-level viremia due to a hyperactive HIV reservoir. Little is known about whether persistent antigenemia during NSV can induce a stronger immune response. Autologous neutralizing antibodies (aNAb) represent a key adaptive immune response for viral control and HIV rebound during treatment interruption has been…
Background In May 2022, WHO considered the outbreak of mpox infection as a public health emergency of international concern (PHEIC). Vaccination was recommended for people living with HIV (PWH) and users of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). The need to vaccinate the population at risk worldwide, mainly PWH and PrEP users has increased. The immune response generated…
Background Background Despite the success of antiretroviral therapy in controlling HIV-1 replication, achieving a cure remains a significant challenge. One obstacle to blocking HIV-1 replication is the efficient cell-to-cell transmission (C-CT) of HIV-1, which is highly resistant to broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs). Here, we studied the effects of immune-based strategies, including antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC)…
Background For most people with HIV (PWH) on antiretroviral therapy (ART), cessation of ART results in rapid rebound of viremia. However, in rare individuals, called post-treatment controllers (PTCs), HIV is controlled through poorly understood mechanisms. The objective of this study was to leverage multiomics single-cell sequencing approaches to assess the extent to which the transcriptomic and epigenetic features…