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1277 Results
Background Adverse sleep patterns are common in people living with HIV generally and have been associated specifically with dolutegravir (DTG) use in studies from high-income countries. Pregnancy and obesity are both known to adversely affect women’s sleep, however there are few data assessing the impact of HIV/DTG on sleep patterns among pregnant women in Africa.…
Background There are concerns that dolutegravir (DTG) may be associated with excess gestational weight gain (GWG) in pregnant women living with HIV (WLH) but there are few data, including from Africa. Methods The Obesogenic oRigins of maternal and Child metabolic Health Involving Dolutegravir (ORCHID) study is evaluating metabolic outcomes of pregnant WLH receiving tenofovir+lamivudine+DTG (TLD)…
Background Oral PrEP is effective at preventing HIV in pregnant and postpartum women (PPW). Measuring urine tenofovir (TFV) in people taking PrEP is a new, objective method to evaluate recent PrEP use. We report on rapid urine TFV test acceptability, usability, and results in PPW in a randomized control trial (RCT) in Cape Town, South…
Background In sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), rates of HIV drug resistance (HIVDR) among patients with antiretroviral treatment (ART) failure are high for non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs), with implications for the risk of HIV mother-to-child transmission among pregnant women. Since 2019, the WHO recommends dolutegravir (DTG), an integrase strand transfer inhibitor (INSTI), in first-line regimens due…
Background Tuberculosis (TB) causes considerable morbidity and mortality in pregnancy and postpartum, particularly in women living with HIV (WLH), but there are few data from cohorts of women on dolutegravir (DTG). In addition, while risk of active TB generally decreases with increasing body mass, there are few insights into this association during pregnancy and postpartum.…
Background DolPHIN-2 (NCT 03249181) randomised mothers initiating ART in late pregnancy to efavirenz (EFV)- or dolutegravir (DTG) based regimens. We previously reported no significant differences between arms in weight change post-delivery to 48w postpartum (PP), but observed heterogeneity with numerically greater weight gain in women from South Africa. Here, we undertook a genome-wide association study…
Background Toxoplasma gondii, a zoonotic parasite, poses risks for people with HIV (PWH). Although its clinical impact is minimal in immunocompetent hosts, U.S. seroprevalence studies show a 20-30% infection rate. The parasite forms bradyzoites in brain and muscle tissue that can reactivate when CD4+ T cell counts drop in PWH, leading to severe disease. Additionally,…
Background Understanding the prevalence, risk factors, and barriers to treatment of syphilis in pregnant women is essential to inform the prevention of vertical transmission. Methods Within a clinical trial of PrEP promotion interventions, we enrolled 750 HIV-negative pregnant women aged >16 years and used medical records to examine syphilis testing and treatment. We report the…
Background Optimizing rifapentine (RPT) dosing is critical for improving tuberculosis (TB) treatment response. Study 31/A5349 (NCT02410772) compared two 4-month RPT-containing regimens — one with and one without moxifloxacin (MFX) — to the standard 6-month regimen. A key determinant of unfavorable TB outcomes in this trial was RPT exposure, with large interindividual variability. We hypothesized that…
Background The prevalence of gestational diabetes (GDM) is increasing globally, including in settings where HIV is prevalent. GDM is associated with pregnancy loss and large-for-gestational age (LGA) deliveries but there are no data on whether these associations are altered by maternal HIV and/or antiretroviral therapy. Methods The ORCHID study enrolled pregnant women with HIV (WLH)…