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1277 Results
Background HIV disease in children differs from that seen in adults. The objective of this study was to test the association between HIV reservoir size and the development of antiviral immunity between childhood, adolescence and young adulthood in terms of a) expression of co-inhibitory receptors; and b) expression of plasma cytokines. Methods Expression of co-inhibitory…
Background In low-and middle-income countries (LMIC), mortality among adolescents living with HIV(ADLHIV) is still concerning, driven by poor viral suppression(VS) in the frame of limited adherence monitoring approaches. We herein evaluated the virological outcomes after enhanced adherence counselling (EAC) among ADLHIV with non-VS and low-level viremia (LLV) in the era of tenofovir-lamivudine-dolutegravir (TLD) in Cameroon.…
Background Adolescents and young adults living with HIV (YLHIV) are a population who face antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence challenges. Long-acting injectable (LAI) formulations have the potential to address some of these challenges, including pill fatigue, stigma and disclosure. We conducted a study to determine the acceptability and feasibility of delivering LAI ART to YLHIV in…
Background Mechanisms underlying sustained ART-free HIV cure/remission remain elusive. Very-early ART-treated children LWH after vertical transmission may have a high potential for cure/remission due to the tolerogenicity of early life immunity. We here evaluate a group of children LWH maintaining ART-free undetectable levels of HIV viral RNA and DNA termed “ putative cure” children. Previous publications…
Background Although most patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 recover, 10-20% can develop long-term persistent symptoms after the acute infection, a condition known as long COVID or Post-Acute Sequalae of SARS-CoV-2 (PASC). In this study we aim to compare autoantibodies, cytokines and neuronal and vascular damage biomarkers in plasma from children and young people (CYP) with and…
Background Globally, >1.4 million children are living with HIV. Life-long ART adherence predisposes children to drug-associated complications, necessitating development of adjunctive therapies that can achieve drug-free viral suppression. Our group recently demonstrated development of VRC01-like broadly neutralizing antibody (bNAb) precursor responses in pediatric rhesus macaques (RMs) upon immunization with a germline-targeting native-like HIV SOSIP trimer.…
Background Understanding of the extent and patterns of HIV-1 drug resistance in the era of globally widespread dolutegravir therapy is limited, particularly for youth. Data on low-level viremia (LLV; 200-1,000 copies/mL) are sparse, primarily due to technical difficulties with genotyping at low RNA levels, and the evolving global definitions of treatment failure. Methods We developed…
Background Rapid maturation of metabolic/elimination pathways during the first month of life complicates using pediatric fixed-dose dispersible formulations in neonates. We previously reported that once daily administration of abacavir/lamivudine dispersible tablets (ABC/3TC-DT) to neonates gave high exposure during the first week of life. Administration of 5 mg dolutegravir (DTG) every 48 hours (q48) for the…
Background Persistent antigen exposure may alter the development of the immune system in early life and inflammatory profiles may vary by geographic location and ethnicity. We have previously highlighted evidence of ongoing immune activation in youths with perinatally acquired HIV (YPHIV). We analyzed differences in inflammatory, chemokine and vascular biomarkers among YPHIV and seronegative (HIV-)…
Background A cascade of inflammatory responses begins after HIV infection, prompting cytokine production and leading to a persistent inflammatory state which is associated with an increased risk of adverse outcomes and death. We assessed correlates of baseline serum proinflammatory cytokine levels and their association with hospitalization outcomes in a cohort of severely-ill ART-naïve Kenyan children living with…