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1277 Results
Background Chronic inflammation in people with HIV (PWH) is linked to cardiovascular disease (CVD). We previously described distinct inflammatory clusters from 24 biomarkers that were associated with CVD. We aimed to validate these results in an independent cohort and assess whether additional biomarkers or gut microbiome signatures could enhance CVD prediction in PWH. Methods In…
Background Non-HIV chronic/latent Viruses (NHV) such as CMV, EBV, HHV-8, HSV-1, HSV-2, HCV, and HBV are associated with markers of aging and/or age-related diseases and play a role in the accelerated cellular aging in people living with HIV (PLWH). We investigated association(s) between sex, HIV status, and NHVs, and selected markers of immune aging, in…
Background Long COVID (LC) is characterized by recurrent, prolonged, and new symptoms of COVID-19 at least 3 months after a SARS-COV-2 infection. LC was associated with fungal translocation, gut dysfunction, and enhanced inflammation. The anti-inflammatory vitamins K2/D3 were previously shown to reduce inflammation and help attenuate the course of acute COVID infection. This trial aims…
Background The genetic FUT2 non-secretor status is phenotypically characterized by low levels of the glycan α1,2 fucose. Fucose in the intestines plays a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis between the gut and its microbiota, and loss of fucose can impair intestinal function and promote inflammation. While intestinal dysfunction and inflammation are well-documented in people with…
Background Immunological non-responders (INRs) are people living with HIV-1 who fail to achieve full immune reconstitution despite long-term effective antiretroviral therapy (ART). This incomplete recovery of CD4+ T cells increase the risk of opportunistic infections and non-AIDS-related morbidity and mortality. Understanding the mechanisms driving this immune dysfunction is critical for developing targeted therapies. Methods We…
Background ORF8 is an accessory protein encoded by SARS-CoV-2, containing an immunoglobulin-like domain of approximately 20 kDa, and is secreted extracellularly by infected cells. Serum levels of ORF8 have been shown to correlate with disease severity in COVID-19 patients, though its exact function and target cells remain unknown. We hypothesized that extracellular ORF8 influences COVID-19…
Background Inflammasome activation in response to “danger-associated stimuli” including HIV can lead to the release of inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1ß and IL-18 as well as pyroptotic cell death. The HIV-1 protease can activate the CARD8 inflammasome in CD4 T cells, resulting in T-cell loss during untreated HIV infection. Since myeloid cells are equipped to…
Background Candida is an opportunistic pathogen that can cause a variety of infections, from superficial to systemic, where the immune system is weakened. It has been suggested that the intestinal tract is a source of Candida infection; however, the role of commensal bacteria and intestinal immunity in Candida colonization in the intestinal tract is unclear.…
Background Cell-to-cell HIV-1 transmission is a potent mechanism of HIV-1 pathogenesis. B and CD4+ T cells frequently interact in secondary lymphoid organs (SLO), thus potentially promoting B cell mediated HIV-1 trans infection. In SLO, B cells are stimulated through both stromal (BAFF) and CD4+ T cell (IL-4, IFN-g, CD40L) signals, however the impact of these…
Background Bile acids (BAs) are produced from cholesterol in the liver as primary BAs and modified by gut microbiota becoming secondary BAs. Besides their primary role in solubilizing fats, these metabolites have been shown to modulate innate and adaptive immune function, making BAs a link between host metabolism and immune response. BAs regulation of immunity…