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1277 Results
Background While adoptive cell transfer of HIV-specific T cells is a promising immunotherapy to provide a functional cure for HIV, its development and broader application is limited by the cost, logistical complexity, and variability of current methods for ex vivo expansion of HIV-specific T cells. To address these needs, we describe a novel modular and…
Background People with long-term HIV-1 suppression (PWH) suffer from inflammaging, characterized by chronic inflammation and immunosenescence. As cannabis smokers display immune beneficial effects such as lower inflammation levels we decided to investigate the anti-inflammatory properties of one of its major component, the cannabidiol (CBD) under a full-spectrum oil, on PWH. Methods Within the double-blind, randomized,…
Background While current antiretroviral treatment regimens can reliably prevent new infection events in people living with HIV (PLWH), they cannot actively eliminate the persistent population of CD4 T cells harboring intact provirus that can give rise to viral rebound if treatment is interrupted. Various approaches to HIV cure rely on the elimination of this reservoir…
Background Long COVID (LC) is associated with dysregulated adaptive immune function and inflammation, which may originate from or contribute to the persistence of SARS-CoV-2 in post-acute COVID-19. COVID-19 can also induce adaptive NK cell responses during the acute phase, but our understanding of NK cell phenotypes in the post-acute phase and their relationship to LC…
Background HIV-1 infection alters the frequencies and functions of B cell subsets, which may be restored by combined antiretroviral therapy (cART). There is still a gap in our knowledge that limits our understanding of the maturation of autologous HIV-1 neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) during cART. Our goal was to interrogate the dynamics of B cell lineages…
Background Understanding the immune response to HIV-1 in individuals maintaining long-term viral suppression after analytical treatment interruption (ATI) is crucial in the search for a functional cure. A subset of individuals, post-treatment controllers (PTCs), experience sustained virologic control following ATI, whilst non-controllers (NCs) require re-initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) to suppress rebounding viremia. We investigated…
Background HIV controllers are rare individuals who suppress viral replication without antiretroviral therapy (ART). We hypothesized that this might partly be driven by T-cell receptor (TCR) convergence, a phenomenon where different DNA sequences encode identical amino acids. TCR convergence may indicate antigen-driven selection, reflecting a more focused immune response. This study applies a novel method…
Background Many neutralizing monoclonal antibodies capable of providing sterilizing immunity against SARS-CoV-2 have been developed and temporarily approved for emergency clinical use as prophylactics. However, the rapid evolution of SARS-CoV-2 progressively renders these treatments obsolete. Several groups have been exploring the use of ACE2-based Fc fusion proteins to obtain a pan-variant neutralizing molecule. In this…
Background Elite controllers (EC) are an exceptional group of people living with HIV (PLWH) able to control HIV replication without antiretroviral therapy and have been proposed as a model of functional HIV cure. However, significant evidence suggests that despite viral control, EC subjects may have altered levels of activation and systemic inflammation. We have characterized…
Background Immune imprinting, also known as original antigenic sin, refers to the effects prior exposures have on subsequent immunity against antigenically related viruses. The immune imprinting of humoral immunity at anatomic sites of the respiratory tract following SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infection is not well understood. Methods Ninety-six adult donors with COVID-19 vaccination and breakthrough infection (BTI)…