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1277 Results
Background The HIV-1 Nef has been shown to alter MHC-1 presentation on infected T cells, and infection of cell lines suggest upregulation of non-canonical HLA-E may be advantageous for Natural Killer (NK) cell evasion. Conflicting clinical reports leave the role of NK cells in infection control unclear. True mechanistic understanding of HIV replication and control…
Background The current mpox resurgence raised the question of the residual immune protection conferred by the MVA-BN vaccination received during the 2022 outbreak. Available data on long-term immune response after MVA-BN are scarce, especially in PWH with low CD4 count, who are at high risk of severe and prolonged mpox and a possible impaired vaccine…
Background Through the degradation of cytosolic structures and proteins, autophagy generates macromolecules for energy production which allows efficient anti-HIV T-cell responses. Extracellular Acyl-CoA-Binding Protein (ACBP) inhibits autophagy, tricarboxyclic acid (TCA) cycle and oxidative phosphorylation in mouse models, mainly through binding to the GABAA receptor. Herein, we assessed the levels of circulating ACBP and its influence…
Background We previously described a bispecific CAR-T cell targeting two conserved gp120 epitopes (duoCAR-Ts) with potent anti-HIV activity, now in clinical trials. However, despite ART, many people living with HIV (PLWH) develop systemic inflammation associated with increased levels of TGF-β which may suppress the activity of infused duoCAR-Ts. We hypothesized that inhibiting TGF-β activity may…
Background Durable antiretroviral therapy (ART)-free remission from HIV will likely require a robust and targeted T cell response to limit viral reactivation. Methods We report a double-blind, randomized trial in people with HIV (PWH) suppressed on ART. Participants, 21-60 years (median 41 years), received modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA)-vectored vaccines, MVA.tHIVconsv3 (M3), MVA.tHIVconsv4 (M4), alone or…
Background A recent study demonstrated that combined administration of N-803 (IL15 agonist) and the 10-1074 and 3BNC117 broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) results in durable virologic remission following ART cessation in SHIV-infected, ART-suppressed rhesus macaques (RM). Here, we investigate the impact of this curative intervention on viral population genetics to identify SHIV genetic features associated with durable…
Background Identifying immunologic features that correlate with control of HIV/SIV after antiretroviral therapy (ART) is stopped will inform the design of improved curative strategies for HIV. Here, we characterized features of lymph node (LN) CD8+ T cells in a cohort of 10 rhesus macaques infected i.v. with SIVmac239 that achieved a range of SIV plasma…
Background The HIV-1 envelope (Env) is the sole target of broadly neutralizing antibodies and, therefore, the context in which it is presented to the immune system is critical for efficiently engaging responder B cells. We previously designed and tested in pre-clinical models a virus-like particle (VLP)-forming env-gag mRNA vaccine that elicited tier-2 neutralizing antibodies and…
Background Elite Controllers (ECs) are individuals who suppress HIV replication without treatment. Understanding these mechanisms can provide insights for developing novel therapeutic strategies. By learning from their responses, we can identify key pathways and immune functions that could enhance viral control in the HIV-infected population. This study aims to investigate ECs using a multiomics approach…
Background HIV continues to be a major global public health issue with ~39.9 million people living with it at the end of 2023 (WHO). An effective vaccine is therefore needed, that can elicit diverse immune responses including broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs). One such class of bnAbs that recognize the CD4-binding site on the HIV-1 Env…