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1277 Results
Background HIV is a highly mutable virus, therefore a vaccine that induces protective, broadly-neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) before sexual debut is critical to eliminate the ~410,000 new infections annually among adolescents worldwide. Recent work has established that children living with HIV develop bnAbs earlier and at a higher frequency than adults. In this study we compared the…
Background Rhesus macaques (RM), Macaca mulatta, are one of the main nonhuman primate models for the testing of vaccines and antibody-based therapeutics. Macaques, like humans, have high and a low affinity alleles of FcγRIIA (CD32A) which is expressed on macrophages, dendritic cells and other antigen presenting cells. The polymorphism in FcγRIIA potentially influences the ‘vaccinal…
Background Durable antiviral therapy (ART)-free remission from HIV-1 will likely require a robust and targeted T-cell response to limit viral reactivation. Serial vaccination with different viral vectors expressing the same immunogen has induced higher T-cell frequencies than homologous vaccination regimens. Methods The CM study is a double-blind, randomized, phase I vaccine trial which recruited people…
Background Anti-PD-1 immunotherapy (API) can potentially reverse T-cell exhaustion, reinvigorate HIV-specific T-cell responses, and reduce the HIV reservoir in people living with HIV (PLHIV). API responsiveness is not direct associated with PD-1 expression on T-cells, suggesting that receptor heterogeneity might influence therapeutic outcomes. Therefore, we aimed to assess 1. whether PD-1 expression varies among T-cells…
Background CD40.HIVRI.Env is a gp140 Env (Clade C 96ZM65) fused to an anti-CD40 mAb to target CD40-expressing dendritic cells. The ANRS/VRI06 phase I trial (NCT04842682) enrolled 72 non HIV-infected volunteers to receive either 0·3, 1·0, or 3·0 mg of CD40.HIVRI.Env (TLR3-Hiltonol® adjuvanted) alone or co-administered with DNA-HIV-PT123 at weeks (W) 0, 4 and 24, randomized…
Background Accurate quantification of the HIV-1 reservoir is critical in understanding HIV-1 persistence and evaluating cure strategies. The Intact Proviral DNA Assay (IPDA), a droplet digital PCR assay that simultaneously targets the HIV-1 packaging signal (psi) and env, is widely used to quantify the intact or rebound-competent reservoir but has not been thoroughly evaluated. We…
Background HIV infection causes overexpression of sialic acid on the surface of infected cells, which binds to Siglecs—immune inhibitory receptors on innate immune cells such as natural killer (NK) cells and monocytes. This interaction triggers inhibitory signals in these immune cells that contribute to the ability of HIV-infected cells to evade immune surveillance. To counter…
Background The primary route of infection for SARS Cov-2 is through inhalation. The virus can infect cells along the mucosal tract from nares and mouth to gut. The impact of the mucosal immune response in control of the infection and protection from reinfection unclear. It is unknown whether a nasal vaccine would provide better protection.…
Background SARS-CoV-2 variants such as XBB.1.5 and BA.2.86 have emerged with mutations that allow them to evade neutralizing antibodies elicited by ancestral and bivalent mRNA vaccines. Despite the introduction of the XBB.1.5 monovalent booster to improve T cell immunity, it remains unclear whether this vaccine induces stronger XBB.1.5-specific T cell responses compared to the ancestral/BA.5…
Background Protective vaccines became an urgent need during the COVID-19 pandemic. People with immunodeficiencies particularly benefit from COVID-19 vaccination. PHH-1V (BIMERVAX®) is an authorized and adjuvanted recombinant vaccine based on a dimeric RBD of Alpha/Beta SARS-CoV-2 variants. HH-4 was a Phase IIb/III, open-label, single-arm, multi-center study (NCT05303402) to evaluate the humoral and cellular immune response…