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1277 Results
Background Brain health disorders continue to occur in older adults with HIV (OAWH), underscoring the importance of addressing reversible causes. We sought to determine if obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with cognitive difficulties among OAWH. Methods The + Brain Health Now cohort study enrolled 856 individuals aged 35 or older with HIV for ≥ 1…
Background Long-lived HIV-infected cells persist and undergo clonal expansion, preventing viral eradication during antiretroviral therapy. The majority of infected cells contain defective proviruses with mutations, deletions, or insertions. Defective proviruses are also generated by LTR-LTR recombination, excising the entire coding sequence, leaving only a solo LTR at the integration site. Little is known regarding solo…
Background Despite effective antiretroviral therapy (ART), HIV-1 persistence is the major obstacle to a functional cure. Thus, understanding the tissue microenvironment during ART of the reservoirs that lead to a rapid viral rebound after treatment failure or analytical treatment interruption (ATI) is key. Methods We have developed immunoPET/CT-guided spatial transcriptomics, combined with immunofluorescence detection of…
Background Understanding the mechanisms responsible for the persistence of the virus reservoir under ART is essential to develop novel HIV cure approaches. Upregulation of the anti-apoptotic protein B cell lymphoma-2 (BCL-2) has been observed in HIV-Gag+CD4+ T cells from ART treated people living with HIV, along with an enrichment for intact proviral DNA in cells…
Background The persistent HIV latent reservoir is a major impediment to the eradication of HIV infection for people living with HIV (PLWH). CD8+ T cell-based approaches to control viral rebound have in part been unsuccessful due to the emergence of epitope escape mutations. Our laboratory identified a subset of epitopes, known as highly networked CD8+…
Background Plasma viral loads (VL) in persons with HIV (PWH) taking antiretroviral therapy are generally below the limit of quantification. However, commercial PCR tests differentiate between unquantifiable low, but detectable VL (<40 c/ml, residual viremia, RV) and Target Not Detected (TND). Whether RV drives or is driven by systemic immune activation remains debated. Large studies…
Background Elevated levels of IL-10 and PD1 contribute to HIV reservoir persistence, an impediment for HIV eradication. IL-10 contributes to the lack of effector function, antigen-presentation and promotes HIV reservoir survival. PD-1 expression is associated with T cell exhaustion and HIV latency. We hypothesized that the dual blockade of IL-10 and PD-1 could synergize and…
Background Increased immune activation during antiretroviral therapy (ART) is associated with morbidity and mortality in persons with HIV (PWH). Mechanisms of elevated inflammation are uncertain but may include expression from HIV proviruses or dysregulated immune responses. Immune activation is often associated with increased metabolic activity in lymphoid organs, and can be detected non-invasively by 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose…
Background The US is experiencing a major drug epidemic that is attributed in large part to synthetic opioids such as fentanyl. We previously reported that fentanyl enhanced the replication of several viruses including HIV. Here, we considered how fentanyl use impacted inflammatory markers in persons living with HIV. Methods Whole blood was collected from adults…
Background In Mali, the HIV cascade is 59-53-unknown. People in artisanal small-scale gold mining zones (ASGMZ) are highly exposed to HIV and represent a potential “bridge” for infectious diseases including HIV. We aimed to assess the effects of proximity community-based HIV services on access, retention in care and health. Methods The ANRS-12392/Sanu Gundo non-randomized interventional…