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1277 Results
Background Despite extensive research, it is unclear why the high cardiovascular disease (CVD) burden in people with HIV has endured for decades. One potential explanation is that elevated CVD risk is the result of the combined effects of social and biological factors in people with HIV which has received limited attention. Methods We identified all adult…
Background People living with HIV (PLWH) suffer from increased incidence of metabolic disease and chronic systemic inflammation, even with effective Antiretroviral therapy (ART). Prevotella-rich, Bacteroides-poor (PRBP) microbiomes are commonly found in men who have sex with men (MSM), which make up a large portion of PLWH in the United States. A high-fiber agrarian diet (AD)…
Background People living with HIV (PLWH) face an elevated risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Coronary artery calcium (CAC) scores, a marker of subclinical atherosclerosis, strongly predict ASCVD. Identifying drivers of CAC progression can guide more aggressive preventive strategies for this at risk population. Methods This cohort study enrolled Thai PLWH aged 50-60 years without…
Background HTN remains a leading modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and chronic kidney diseases, all disproportionately affecting people with HIV (PWH). Disparities in HTN care have been described in the general population, though such data is limited in PWH. We apply the care cascade framework to HTN to evaluate the association between personal and…
Background Despite studies demonstrating an increase in myocardial steatotic burden in adults with HIV on antiretroviral therapy (ART), no studies have evaluated this phenomenon in youth with perinatally-acquired HIV (YPHIV). Methods The Cape Town Adolescent Antiretroviral Cohort (CTAAC)-Heart study enrolled youth to assess myocardial fibrosis and inflammation using cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR). A magnetic resonance…
Background People with HIV (PWH) have an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), however, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Endothelial dysfunction is central to CVD pathology. Endothelial colony-forming cells (ECFC) arise from endothelial progenitors isolated from whole blood and retain the donor’s phenotypic characteristics ex vivo. ECFC are increasingly used to study disease-specific…
Background REPRIEVE demonstrated a 36% reduction in the hazard of major adverse cardiovascular (CV) events (MACE) among those randomized to pitavastatin vs placebo using a time-to-first-event (TTFE) analysis. TTFE results can be difficult to interpret with CV composite endpoints, as “less severe” events (MI and stroke) are likely to precede “more severe” events (death). Win…
Background REPRIEVE and its Mechanistic Substudy established that pitavastatin prevents major adverse cardiovascular events and reduces noncalcified coronary plaque (NCP) on coronary CT angiography (CTA) among PWH with low-to-moderate traditional ASCVD risk. Here we assess heterogeneity of pitavastatin effects on NCP (density <350 HU) volume and plaque composition, categorized by density (<130HU fibrofatty, 130-350 HU fibrous, >350…
Background Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a widespread herpesvirus associated with inflammation and inflammation-related disorders, including cardiovascular disease (CVD). Among people with HIV (PWH), who have a two-fold increase in CVD risk compared to people without HIV (PWoH), latent CMV is nearly universal, and CMV reactivation from latency occurs more frequently, but if and how CMV reactivation contributes…
Background People with HIV (PWH) have an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), driven by persistent immune activation and metabolic disturbances, despite successful antiretroviral therapy (ART). Alterations in some immune parameters and metabolites have been associated with the CVD onset. However, specific lipidomic, metabolomic, and immunological biomarkers preceding CVD in PWH are still unknown. Methods…