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1277 Results
Background Cryptococcal meningitis (CM) remains the second most lethal opportunistic infection among People Living with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa. CM is managed on single high-dose liposomal amphotericin B and flucytosine. However, there is no sufficient data on whether the new treatment regimen has an effect on reducing inpatient mortality and length of hospital stay in…
Background The high tuberculosis (TB) burden in Nigeria, particularly in hard-to-reach and underserved areas, has called for innovative approaches to enhance case-finding. The portable digital X-ray (PDX) machines offer an opportunity to improve TB detection in regions with limited resources and access to more complex diagnostic tools. This paper presents the effectiveness of PDX machines in TB case-finding…
Background Mycobacterial immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (myco-IRIS) and Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus (KSHV) associated diseases (KAD) remain common in people with advanced HIV in resource-constrained settings. These syndromes can be difficult to differentiate clinically, and optimal treatments remain unknown, highlighting the importance of determining their pathogenesis. We have previously shown greater IFNγ production in myco-IRIS whereas IL18…
Background HIV and TB stigma may undermine TB care and outcomes. We investigated HIV and TB stigma and reported influences of TB stigma on care access among individuals with pulmonary TB in Eldoret, Kenya, and Mbarara, Uganda. Methods The Tuberculosis Sentinel Research Network of the International epidemiology Databases to Evaluate AIDS is a global prospective…
Background Some individuals recovering from COVID-19 experience persistent symptoms after initial infection, a condition known as Long Covid (LC). Persons with vs without HIV (PWH; PWoH) are hypothesized to be at greater risk of LC due to chronic immune dysregulation. However, existing data are sparse and conflicting due to inconsistent definitions of LC. We used…
Background Understanding the prevalence and consequences of opportunistic infections (OIs) at antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation remains critical for informing HIV testing and care strategies that reduce the likelihood of late presentation for care. We assessed trends in OIs at ART initiation and their association with 1-year survival in the North American AIDS Cohort Collaboration on…
Background Current TB diagnostics are suboptimal to detect TB in patients with advanced HIV disease (AHD) who are at high risk for disseminated TB and mortality. Blood has been overlooked as a compartment for TB diagnostics in AHD. We determined the diagnostic yield of routine screening for TB in blood using Xpert Ultra (UXpert) and Myco/F…
Background Data from national programs are key to evaluate antiretroviral therapy (ART) virologic effectiveness in real-life settings, especially in people with HIV (PWH) receiving treatment for tuberculosis (TB) . The objective of the present study was to evaluate factors associated with virologic suppression within the Brazilian national HIV/TB program. Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted from…
Background Most studies have focused on either healthcare worker collected (HCWC) or self-collected (SC) tongue swabs (TS) for detecting Mycobacterium tuberculosis, but rarely on both. We assessed this, on TS collected from the same participant, using the Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra (Ultra) (Cepheid, Sunnyvale, CA, USA) along with participant acceptability of the collection procedure. Methods In…
Background An urgent need exists for non-sputum based point-of-care diagnostics to detect tuberculosis (TB) among people with advanced HIV disease. The Fujifilm SILVAMP TB LAM (FujiLAM) is a novel point-of-care assay that detects mycobacterial lipoarabinomannan (LAM) antigen in urine to identify TB. We present a validation of the updated FujiLAM assay on prospectively collected urine…