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1277 Results
Background Emerging evidence suggests that human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection is associated with the progression of tuberculosis (TB) disease. This study aimed to evaluate the temporal relationship of HCMV infection on TB progression in people with HIV (PWH). Methods In a case-control study nested within a Thai HIV cohort, stored plasma samples from PWH who developed…
Background Cryptococcus is the most common cause of HIV-associated meningitis globally, accounting for 19% of all AIDS-related deaths. Case fatality is 24-45%, even in the context of clinical trials. Co-prevalent infections – including Cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) – may contribute to poor outcomes. Methods We measured CMV and EBV viral load by qPCR in…
Background In Vietnam, national guidelines require a Tuberculosis (TB) infection test before TB preventive therapy can be administered. However, Interferon Gamma Release Assays (IGRAs) require advanced laboratories for processing, resulting in limited access. The Standard F TB-Feron fluorescent immunoassay (TB-Feron) is a simplified IGRA which requires less manual handling and no specialized laboratory staff. Methods This cross-sectional…
Background Cryptococcal meningitis (CM) remains the second most lethal opportunistic infection among People Living with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa. CM is managed on single high-dose liposomal amphotericin B and flucytosine. However, there is no sufficient data on whether the new treatment regimen has an effect on reducing inpatient mortality and length of hospital stay in…
Background The high tuberculosis (TB) burden in Nigeria, particularly in hard-to-reach and underserved areas, has called for innovative approaches to enhance case-finding. The portable digital X-ray (PDX) machines offer an opportunity to improve TB detection in regions with limited resources and access to more complex diagnostic tools. This paper presents the effectiveness of PDX machines in TB case-finding…
Background Mycobacterial immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (myco-IRIS) and Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus (KSHV) associated diseases (KAD) remain common in people with advanced HIV in resource-constrained settings. These syndromes can be difficult to differentiate clinically, and optimal treatments remain unknown, highlighting the importance of determining their pathogenesis. We have previously shown greater IFNγ production in myco-IRIS whereas IL18…
Background HIV and TB stigma may undermine TB care and outcomes. We investigated HIV and TB stigma and reported influences of TB stigma on care access among individuals with pulmonary TB in Eldoret, Kenya, and Mbarara, Uganda. Methods The Tuberculosis Sentinel Research Network of the International epidemiology Databases to Evaluate AIDS is a global prospective…
Background People with HIV (PHIV) have a 30% lifetime risk of developing tuberculosis (TB) disease, which TB preventive therapy (TPT) reduces by 60%. Six-month daily isoniazid (6H) regimens are challenged by non-adherence and suboptimal completion. Shorter regimens such as 3-month weekly rifapentine and isoniazid (3HP) were introduced in Kenya in October 2022. There is a…
Background High-risk alcohol use is associated with increased risk for active TB, the leading cause of death among persons with HIV (PWH). We hypothesized that the incidence rate of active TB after receipt of TB Preventive Therapy (TPT) would differ by level of alcohol use among PWH. Methods We conducted a review of HIV/TB clinic…
Background Tuberculosis (TB) is the leading infectious cause of death worldwide, including among people living with HIV. The WHO End TB goal of reducing TB incidence to <10 cases per 100,000 will not be achieved without a greater understanding of host mechanisms that mediate susceptibility to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). A genetic basis for “resistance” to Mtb…