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1277 Results
Background Children with HIV exposure (CHEU) who do not experience HIV infection are at increased risk of growth faltering compared to children unexposed to HIV (CHU). Decreased abundance of Bifidobacterium has been associated with growth faltering in CHEU. We examined the gut microbiota of CHEU versus CHU to determine if specific microbes may influence growth…
Background We modelled patterns of virological response to Dolutagravir (DTG)-based ART in a cohort of children and adolescents living with HIV in West Africa. Methods All CALHIV aged 0 to 19 years initiating DTG-based ART between 2019-2023 and enrolled in the West African pediatric International epidemiological Database for Evaluating AIDS (IeDEA pWADA) were included and followed…
Background Despite successful antiretroviral therapy (ART), people living with HIV (PLHIV) are at risk of suboptimal vaccine response, exposing this vulnerable population to common vaccine-preventable diseases. Methods This cross-sectional observational study evaluated humoral responses to vaccination in a cohort of PLHIV with vertically acquired infection. Seroprotection rates for diphtheria, tetanus, measles, mumps, rubella, varicella, and…
Background Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) in combination with boosted protease inhibitors (PIs) are a recommended treatment for children with HIV-1 with resistance or intolerability to integrase strand transfer inhibitors. In the US, emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (F/TAF) is approved in combination with boosted PIs for adults and children weighing ≥35 kg. TAF has improved renal and…
Background Myocardial injuries have been observed after COVID-19 in previously healthy children, regardless of COVID-19 severity. Immune dysregulation may play a role in post-COVID cardiac alterations but remains unexplored in children. This study evaluated the immune response in children with or without asymptomatic cardiac contractility alterations after mild SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods A prospective, observational study…
Background Children who were HIV exposed and uninfected (CHEU) may experience higher levels of oxidative stress and inflammation compared to children who are HIV unexposed (CHU). Telomere length (TL) is an important biomarker of aging. Telomere shortening results from cellular division, inflammation, and oxidative stress and is associated with age-related diseases. We compared TL between…
Background Undetectable or low HIV-1 DNA levels have been associated with a greater likelihood of ART-free viral control in adults treated during primary infection. Here we investigate predictors of HIV-1 DNA levels in a cohort of early-treated children and adolescents recruited on characteristics expected to make them good candidates for future remission/cure trials. Methods Parents…
Background HIV-Exposed Uninfected (HEU) children have worse cardiometabolic health outcomes, compared to HIV-Unexposed uninfected (HU) children, but the effect of maternal cardiometabolic health in pregnancy on child outcomes is not clear. Our study investigated the impact of maternal gestational lipid biomarkers on child cardiometabolic health indicators in a birth cohort of South African HEU and…
Background Studies of hospitalization among young children with HIV in resource-limited settings, in the context of early infant diagnosis and antiretroviral therapy (ART), are limited. Methods We used routinely collected data to describe hospitalization patterns among children diagnosed with HIV (born 2018-2022), in the Western Cape, South Africa. We used logistic regression to examine factors…
Background In Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), the majority of the inflammatory and metabolic data are from youth living in urban areas. We examined differences between youth with perinatally acquired HIV (YPHIV) in urban vs rural Uganda. Methods YPHIV (n=100) were enrolled from urban and rural Uganda in an observational cohort study along with age- and sex-…