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1277 Results
Background The Brec1 recombinase is a genomic engineering approach that shows promise in HIV cure, with in vitro and mouse studies showing efficient excision of HIV provirus. Brec1 recognizes a highly conserved sequence (loxBTR) found in the R region of the long terminal repeats (LTRs) that flank the integrated HIV-1 provirus. The loxBTR sequence is…
Background While the significance of chemical modifications on RNA has been well established, their specific roles in HIV-1 replication remain unclear and, at times, controversial. Previous studies have provided only low-resolution, type-specific RNA modification site mapping and have relied on indirect analyses of phenotypic effects through the overexpression or knockdown (knockout) of host effectors. These…
Background Data on antiretroviral therapy (ART) outcomes in persons who acquire HIV with long-acting cabotegravir (CAB-LA) pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) are limited. We evaluated ART outcomes in CAB-LA exposed cisgender men and transgender women who have sex with men (MSM/TGW) who acquired HIV in the HPTN 083 trial. ART regimens were selected at study sites; local…
Background Although documented, the mutational dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 in immunocompromised patients remain relatively understudied. This study examined a cohort of immunocompromised patients hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection to assess the distinct evolutionary trajectories of SARS-CoV-2 in these individuals compared to their immunocompetent counterparts. We compared the genetic diversity of SARS-CoV-2 between these groups over time. Methods…
Background HIV Prevention Trials Network (HPTN) 083 Trial was a randomized controlled trial that demonstrated the superiority of long-acting injectable cabotegravir (CAB-LA) over daily oral TDF/FTC for HIV PrEP among cisgender men and transgender women who have sex with men. The threshold of plasma CAB concentrations ([CAB]) needed for HIV protection in humans is difficult…
Background Genomic sequencing plays an essential role in the ongoing monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 genome evolution, as phylogenetic analyses can identify genomic signatures of circulating strains, thus helping to track transmission or spreading events. By understanding the spread of SARS-CoV-2, public health strategies can be deployed (at various levels) to reduce new infections and mitigate the…
Background ART suppresses HIV replication but fails to eliminate the virus, necessitating innovative strategies for curing HIV. CCR5-/- CD4+ T cells from CCR5Δ32 HSCT have eliminated HIV but are invasive and induce toxicity. Autologous CCR5 knockout (CCR5-/-) CD4 T cell therapy trials offer a safer alternative. We have shown that the persistence of CCR5-/- stem-like…
Background Evidence is required to support use of long-acting injectable therapy (LA) in Africa, where demographic factors, viral subtypes, prior treatment, archived drug resistance, and approaches to treatment delivery and monitoring differ from resource-rich settings. We previously reported non-inferior efficacy of LA versus oral antiretroviral therapy (ART) at 48 weeks, but longer-term data are needed…
Background Doravirine (DOR), an NNRTI, and islatravir (ISL), an investigational nucleoside reverse transcriptase translocation inhibitor, have complementary mechanisms of action and resistance profiles. MK-8591A-052 is an ongoing phase 3 study evaluating the efficacy and safety of switching from bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (BIC/FTC/TAF) to DOR/ISL (100/0.25 mg), a once-daily single-tablet regimen. Declines in CD4 T-cell and lymphocyte counts…
Background Doravirine (DOR), a NNRTI, and islatravir (ISL), an investigational nucleoside reverse transcriptase translocation inhibitor, have complementary mechanisms of action and resistance profiles. MK-8591A-051 is a phase 3 study evaluating the efficacy and safety of switching from oral ART to DOR/ISL (100/0.25 mg), a once-daily single-tablet regimen. Declines in CD4 and total lymphocyte counts were…