Search Abstracts

Background While the significance of chemical modifications on RNA has been well established, their specific roles in HIV-1 replication remain unclear and, at times, controversial. Previous studies have provided only low-resolution, type-specific RNA modification site mapping and have relied on indirect analyses of phenotypic effects through the overexpression or knockdown (knockout) of host effectors. These…

Background Data on antiretroviral therapy (ART) outcomes in persons who acquire HIV with long-acting cabotegravir (CAB-LA) pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) are limited. We evaluated ART outcomes in CAB-LA exposed cisgender men and transgender women who have sex with men (MSM/TGW) who acquired HIV in the HPTN 083 trial. ART regimens were selected at study sites; local…

Background Although documented, the mutational dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 in immunocompromised patients remain relatively understudied. This study examined a cohort of immunocompromised patients hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection to assess the distinct evolutionary trajectories of SARS-CoV-2 in these individuals compared to their immunocompetent counterparts. We compared the genetic diversity of SARS-CoV-2 between these groups over time. Methods…

Background HIV Prevention Trials Network (HPTN) 083 Trial was a randomized controlled trial that demonstrated the superiority of long-acting injectable cabotegravir (CAB-LA) over daily oral TDF/FTC for HIV PrEP among cisgender men and transgender women who have sex with men. The threshold of plasma CAB concentrations ([CAB]) needed for HIV protection in humans is difficult…

Background Genomic sequencing plays an essential role in the ongoing monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 genome evolution, as phylogenetic analyses can identify genomic signatures of circulating strains, thus helping to track transmission or spreading events. By understanding the spread of SARS-CoV-2, public health strategies can be deployed (at various levels) to reduce new infections and mitigate the…

Background Long-acting agents hold promise for addressing challenges associated with adherence and persistence to daily oral PrEP. The ImPrEP CAB Brasil study aims to generate evidence to inform national policies about long-acting cabotegravir (CAB-LA) PrEP implementation within public health PrEP services in Brazil. Methods Study intervention consisted of person-centered choice of same-day delivery of oral…

Background As an obligate intracellular pathogen, HIV must hijack resources from infected host cells to support the viral lifecycle. While this includes a viral dependency on host metabolism, little is known about the specific metabolic networks that are essential for infection and viral replication. Previous work leveraging a single-cycle reporter virus has established that blocking…

Background In 2024, San Francisco Department of Public Health released updated recommendations for prescribing doxycycline post-exposure prophylaxis (doxy-PEP). These matched CDC guidance and additionally encouraged shared decision-making between providers and patients with at least 2 sex partners in the last year who were assigned male sex at birth. San Francisco AIDS Foundation’s Magnet Clinic, a…

Background HIV-1 uses either CCR5 (R5 virus) or CXCR4 (X4 virus) as a coreceptor to enter host cells. X4 variants, usually seen in the late stage of infection, are associated with more rapid disease progression. However, the triggering event that allows the evolution of X4 variants and the dynamics of X4 and R5 variants following…

Background Poor client-provider interactions lead to reinforcing cycles of treatment interruptions (TIs) and fear of return, undermining sustained retention. We previously demonstrated a multicomponent person-centered care intervention (PCCi) targeting healthcare worker (HCW) behavior improved client experience and retention in care. To understand mechanisms of improved retention, we evaluated the effect of PCCi on return after…