HIV-1 persists in a mostly latent state within blood and tissues during suppressive ART. Proviral integration sites may play a critical role in the establishment and maintenance of this latent reservoir. Understanding the landscape of proviral integration is essential for deciphering the mechanisms behind HIV-1 latency and reactivation. Recent studies have shed light on the factors that regulate proviral latency, including host cell type, epigenetic modifications, and the influence of host immune responses. The interplay between viral and host factors in proviral integration and latency is complex, with integration site-specific transcriptional activity influencing the susceptibility to latency reversal agents. Continued exploration of this landscape offers promising avenues for therapeutic strategies aimed at eradicating HIV-1 through targeted interventions that either enhance immune responses or directly disrupt latent proviral genomes. Ultimately, a comprehensive understanding of proviral integration patterns is essential for designing therapies that could effectively eliminate the HIV-1 reservoir and achieve sustained viral remission without ongoing ART.
CROI Conference
